The emergency first aid protocol for an unconscious person on whom both breathing and pulse cannot be detected is called cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It is a combination of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest compressions. This kind of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation was first described in the Bible, but it fell out of practice. Drs. James Elam and Peter Safar rediscovered it in the 1950s. In the early 1960s, the advantages of chest compression to help artificial circulation was discovered by Drs. Kouwenhoven, Knickerbocker and Jude. Both mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest compression were then combined to form modern CPR.
CPR is usually taught to people who may be the only ones present in the crucial few minutes before emergency personnel arrive. Lack of oxygen can cause permanent damage to the brain or lead to death in less than eight minutes. Effective CPR helps enough oxygen reach the brain and delay brain death. It allows the heart to remain responsive to defibrillation attempts.
CPR has three basic rules: (a) the victim’s airway must be open for breathing to be restored. (b) Rescue breathing — when the rescuer forces air into the...
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