Diamonds are made up entirely of carbon. Pressure (diamonds cant form above 100 miles below the earths crust) and temperature (750+ degrees F) are the factors that change the diamond from mere carbon into a treasured commodity. After millions of years undergoing this pressure and heat, the rough stones are settled in diamond-bearing rock and from there, wait for a volcanic eruption to bring them to the surface.
Diamond Mining Techniques
Pipe Mining: Primary Source-refers to the process of diamonds emerging to the earths surface in host rocks through volcanic pipes, which are pathways between the earths mantle and surface.
When an eruption occurs, other materials are carried up along with the magma, or lava. If the eruption originates far enough down in the earths surface, it could contain diamond-bearing rock, usually kimberlite or lamproite.
These eruptions must be extremely forceful and move at high speeds, for if the diamonds remain in the magna for a long period of time, they could burn up if the temperatures or turn to graphite.
From here, they conduct a process called open mining where the surface remnants are inspected for diamonds....
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