If you are planning an outdoor vacation and hiking is on your list of activities, it may be a good idea to refresh yourself on some basic first-aid. Three of the most valuable first-aid skills hikers can learn are CPR, the Heimlich maneuver and caring for fractures.
Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is used to return someone to normal breathing. Formal CPR training is much better, but here are some tips in the meantime that may help if an emergency occurs while hiking.
First, immediately call 911 or the local emergency rescue team if you can. Yell out loudly for a trained medical specialist or physician who may be on a nearby trail or lodging. If it is necessary, especially if the person is turning a bluish color, there are several things to consider and check.
Consider how the problem happened. If they were swimming in cold water, they may simply need warmed up. A sunny climate will not suffice in those situations. Now, if they went under the water and were pulled out, try putting them on the stomach and remove the water by short, modest compressions on the diaphragm located below the chest just above the stomach.
Place them on their back,...