During the past few weeks several mortgage lenders have announced that they will now offer 50-year mortgages. This is a curious idea, but not as curious as it could be: At the height of the real estate boom in Japan some homes were financed with 100-year mortgages.
The 30-year mortgage that is now the gold standard of American home finance was once virtually unknown. In the early part of the 20th century most mortgages in the U.S. were “term” loans, mortgages that lasted just five years. Since most of the debt could not be repaid in five years, at the end of the term owners would go out and get replacement five-year mortgages.
This system worked fairly well until the 1930s. Then the Depression drove down employment levels and shredded property values. In the west, the Dust Bowl impacted many states.
But then a new idea arose. The just-formed Federal Housing Administration (FHA) said it would guarantee the repayment of 20-year loans if borrowers would pay insurance fees. Private lenders followed with their own longer-term mortgages and the result was that term loans largely disappeared from the U.S. marketplace.
Over time the accepted...