It’s easy to take good drinking and wash water for granted, but these things aren’t always readily available. Home owners in many parts of the nation must modify their water systems in order to live comfortably. Eighty nine per cent of homes in the U.S. have hard water, which is high in minerals, and can cause problems for bathing and washing clothes – if treated improperly it can also be unhealthy do drink. Hard water is especially common in arid regions, such as Arizona, Southern California, and Nevada. Many home owners take care of the issue with a sodium water softener, which employs remarkably simple technology in changing the chemical structure of water.
Water softeners use the principle of ion exchange to lower the mineral content in water and replace it with sodium or potassium. Most household water softeners include a tank filled with resin beads that exchange hard mineral ions for sodium ions. When hard water passes through and around the beads, mineral ions are absorbed and replaced with sodium ions. This makes the water softer and more palatable for household use. Water softening is also used frequently for industrial purposes.
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