The style of realism is just that point blank, real. What the artist sees in their eyes, there is no interpretation or adding of anything. It is the capturing of people or objects as they really are with no flourishing. The attempt of the artist is usually to capture what the subject or object in a very real, direct way. No abstraction and imagination just figures and objects doing normal everyday things that they do even if it was a rather grim or ugly picture.
This is in opposition to idealism which tends to create a scenario of what life and situations should be like in an idealistic world. Idealism added what the artist or imagination thought the world could be like with some improvements and embellishments. Realism is the total opposite and sometimes does not paint a pretty picture of the world but rather a real sometimes ugly portrayal of life where only truth of exactly what the eyes see is portrayed quite often commonplace subjects.
During the mid 1800s realism grew in popularity, not just in painting style but in literature as well. There are strong ties to political reform throughout the time period and can be linked with the social atmosphere of the...