Despite thousands of years of gazing at the stars, weve never found another planet like Earth. Who wouldve thought looking inward would reveal the Earth is formed like an onion.
A Complicated Planet Indeed
When discussing the onion-like nature of the Earth, it is important to mention there is some debate as to what constitutes a layer of the planet. This is particularly true when one starts discussing the areas around the core of the Earth. Nonetheless, there are readily accepted general categories regarding the makeup of the Earth.
The lithosphere is the rocky ground upon which we live. Technically, it is comprised of the crust of the planet and the upper, brittle mantle below the crust. It is approximately 100 km in thickness on average and includes all the oceans, mountains, deepest canyons and tectonic plates.
The mantle is the next layer below the lithosphere. The mantle consists of hot, molten rock and is the birthplace of new crust and recycling point for old crust. The mantle is hot enough and far enough below the crust of the Earth that there is little empirical evidence supporting scientists claims on the exact makeup. Instead,...