Exchanging commodities is a centuries old means of investing, trading, and managing money. It is believed by some historians that variances of the modern commodity exchange have been in existence for nearly 800 years. Exchanges that deal with company stocks are a much more recent development. It has been just over 200 years since the first American stock exchange opened on Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, and 190 years since that exchange moved to lower Manhattan and the New York Stock Exchange rang its first opening bell on Wall Street.
In the years since, the fortunes of American business and American investors have been made and lost countless times on the floors of that exchange, and usually with the help of stock brokers who, as members of the stock exchange, act as agents for buyers or sellers by facilitating transactions in accordance with the law. However, recent years have seen a change in the traditional broker-client relationship, and the advent of the Internet has spawned a new group of investors who eschew the help of brokers and try to make their fortunes trading stocks online.
When you purchase stock you are purchasing a share of ownership in a...